Independent t-test statistic was used as statistical tool for data analysis. ABSTRACT The study examined the effect of socio-economic status of parents on the academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria. The variables representing the general factor of socioeconomic status were 1) father's occupation, 2) father's schooling, 3) mother's schooling, 4) family -income, and 5) fam-ily's community population. if you need help simply reply to this message, we are online and ready to help. Many researches have defined socioeconomic status in many different ways however for the purpose of this paper I will be using the definition by Chapman and Ryan (2005, pp 497-498); "In Australia socioeconomic status is measured on wealth defined by home postal address, family wealth, personal assets and parents educational background". * Blevins M Brent (2009), Effects of socioeconomic status on academic performance in Missouri public schools [online] Accessed on 15 December 2012. The foundations of socioeconomic inequities and the educational outcomes of efforts to reduce gaps in socioeconomic status are of great interest to researchers around the world, and narrowing the achievement gap is a common goal for most education systems. Average Socio Economic Status category students is 312. The following hypothesis have been formulated from the above assumptions. Main objectives of the study were to examine the effect of socio-economic status background of parents on secondary school students' performance in Jama'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State. ii. Format: PDF and MS Word (DOC) pages = 65 ₦ 3,000 Socio economic status (SES) of parents. instrument for the study is a self-designed questionnaire titled Parents' Socio-Economic Status and Students' Academic Performance Questionnaire. the answers to the research questions addressed in this research are presented. Student thesis questionnaire about academic performance. The ages of the participants ranged from 12 to 24 years with a mean age of 18.32 and standard deviation of 3.76. DOI: 10.1016/B978--08-097086-8.23054-7. The impact of performance assessment on students interest and academic performance in science. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany and University of Mazandran, Iran . To confirm the findings of a significant association between academic performance and SES, Caro et al. Questionnaire on Parents' Socio-Economic Status and Students' Academic Performance (QPSESSAP) and an inventory was to collect students' results through the help of schools' dean of studies and principal. In combination with school performance of 8-9 year old children we would like to survey the SES (socioeconomic status). . parental socioeconomic status and academic performance of secondary school students in the western province of the republic of zambia February 2017 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27743.15520 There is a strong relationship between students' socioeconomic status and their levels of academic achievement. Standardized tests measured the academic performance. contribution of socioeconormc status and student perceptions of school effectiveness to academic ach-ievement in engineering students. The mean evaluation score for the online education in general was 5.1 ± 2.4 while that for the practical parts was 3.6 ± 2.6. the impact of parental socio-economic status on the academic performance of the nigerian student (a study of egbu girls secondary school in owerri north local government area of imo state) by odoemena ikenna uchechukwu department of social sciences , federal polytechnic, nekede, owerri, imo state. The study is an attempt to determine the impact of the socio-economic status of parents on the academic performance of the students. . Independent T. Test and One Way Analysis of Variance were used to test the two hypotheses in the study. socioeconomic indicators on the academic performance of the undergraduate students of Bangladesh. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The mean score of economically . Validity of the instrument was ascertained through face and content validity. to establish the effect of family socio-economic status on students' academic achieve-ment in the study area. Table 6 presents overall class size effects.9 In column 1, without controlling for any other factors on student performance, the implied effect of class size is -0.0453 and significantly different from zero. The study examined the effect of socio-economic status of parents on the academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria. The students were selected randomly from the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. This person is not on . The relationship between different components of parental socio economic status with the academic performance of students of selected Private universities of Dhaka city in Bangladesh is investigated. Socioeconomic status (SES) is assessed as a combination of factors containing income, level of education, and occupation. The large raw differences in university outcomes between individuals from different socio-economic backgrounds can largely be explained by the fact that they arrive at university with very different levels of human capital, suggesting that it is more challenging for universities interested in using contextual data to inform their admissions policies to predict those with high potential based . of average socio economic status is 0.606. a) analyze the effect of socio-economic status, parental education and occupation on quality of students' academic performance. Have the electricity cut-offs stopped now in Diepkloof? the experts argue that the low socioeconomic status has negative effect on the academic performance of students because the basic needs of students remain unfulfilled and hence they do not perform better academically (Adams, 1996). What are the current developments with regard to free basic electricity policy to provide people with free 50kW/h? The Complete Research Material is averagely 54 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters. Education and Socioeconomic Status. 2. Abstract (2009). chigoziri u. okafor jeribe The main objective of the study is to examine the influence of socio-economic status on academic performance of students in lagos Metropolis. Independent T. Test and One Way Analysis of Variance were used to test the two hypotheses in the study. This study examined the effects of parental socio-economic status on the academic performance of mathematics students in some selected secondary schools in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of . Finally, we further delve into heterogeneous effects by splitting the sample according to socio-economic status, ability, and gender. Order custom essay The Effect of Parent Socio Economic Status on the Academic Performance of Primary School Pupils with free plagiarism report GET ORIGINAL PAPER This report attempted to describe and explain the relationship between parents' socioeconomic status and pupils' educational attainment using a case study approach. We aim to answer the following research questions: Do union effects vary with the SES of districts? Data for the analysis was collected through a structured questionnaire from 200 students. term was not significant in all 5 research questions. The article concludes with the discussion and implications of the key findings of this systematic literature review. The . It is a way of observing to f 16 know how individuals or families adjust in society using economic and social measures that have been shown to impact individuals' health and wellbeing. THE EFFECTS OF PARENTS SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS. Hundred students (43 males and 52 females) from Idemili-South Local Government Area were used in the study. Socio-economic status and time had also main effects for educational aspiration. The data were generated using structured questionnaire. These include prenatal conditions, birth conditions, postnatal events, nutritional, socio-economic factors and environmental factors. Main objectives of the study were to examine the effect of socio-economic status background of parents on secondary school students' performance in Jama'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State. c) find the difference in quality of students' achievement in relation to their gender. Normally this is done through a parents' questionnaire. In the past few decades, there is a growing study on variables contributing effectively to the quality of academic achievement of students. The validity of the instrument (Questionnaire) was ensured The mean of the Academic achievement scores of Average Socio Economic Status is 64.48 and Standard Deviation is 10.696.The S.Em. Socioeconomic Status And Academic Achievement. Socio-economic Status of student's family or parents have great impact upon academic success (Rofikul M., et al., 2017). Each of the hypotheses was tested at .05 level of significance. A sample of 200 respondents from both junior and senior secondary school students and their parents were drawn through . socioeconomic indicators on the academic performance of the undergraduate students of Bangladesh. Seyed Bagher Mirashrafi. The relationship between different components of parental socio economic status with the academic performance of students of selected Private universities of Dhaka city in Bangladesh is investigated. variable were examined. * C. R. Main objectives of the study were to examine the effect of socio-economic status background of parents on secondary school students' performance in Jama'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Although educators should be held accountable for improving the performance of all students, including those living in poverty, schools alone can't eliminate the negative factors associated with poverty that lead to a large achievement gap between low income students and their more . Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany . The economic hardships that are associated with low socioeconomic status lead to social complications such as; disruptions in parenting, an increased possibility of depression in parents, an increase in the incidence of family conflicts and single-parenthood, which all reflect negatively on the academic performance of a child. Objectives The specific objectives of this study were intended to: i. Assess the extent to which families' level of education influence female and male students' academic achievement in the area under the study. Section 2 assessed the socioeconomic status of the respondents' parents. 2. Brandon L. Carlisle. the socioeconomic status of learners affects the quality of their academic performance so it is appropriate, in this context, to consider at once the factors affecting academic achievement such as the student's socioeconomic status. Although online education provides an opportunity for self-study, the main challenge . The differences in the experiences and maturation of older students involve a relatively better performance in academic settings, which is known as the relative age effect (RAE). This effect is more important the younger the student is. Three research questions guided the study. This review of the literature focuses on socioeconomic status (SES) and its related . A 30 item questionnaire on academic performance and socio-economic status was used in the study. b) explore the effect of socio-economic status on student's achievements in the subjects of Mathematics and English. Specific objectives of the study include: To investigate into the effect of socio-economic status of parents on the educational performance of students’. We aim to answer the following research questions: Do union effects vary with the SES of districts? The aim of the present study is to investigate different factors influencing the academic performance of college Numerous factors are known to affect the academic performance of students. The study examined the effect of socio-economic status of parents on the academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR ESKOM OFFICIALS Open-Ended Questions 1. Download 7-page research proposal on "Students Socioeconomic Status and Academic Performance in College" (2022) … of resources at the disposal of students at college without any additional costs Hyun Yoon, 2016) Seek guidance from the instructors and other guidance mechanisms… Are these effects more (or less) pronounced in high-SES, mid-SES, or low-SES districts? An overview of Socioeconomic Level: body mass index, Low Socioeconomic Level, Different Socioeconomic Level, Lower Socioeconomic Level, Middle Socioeconomic Level - Sentence Examples From the above views, one can conclude that socio-economic status and a host of other factors relating to home environment of students, such as educational background of parents, health status of students, parents' occupation and family size could have effects on academic performance. Purpose: This article examines the relationship between teacher unionization and the academic performance of students in districts of varying socioeconomic status (SES). Main objectives of the study were to examine the effect of socio-economic status background of parents on secondary school students' performance in Jama'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State. (PSESSAPQ) Inventory was used to collect students' results through the assistance of school counselors and principals. To find out the effect . Authors: Brandon L. Carlisle. Socioeconomic status can encompass quality of life attributes as well as the opportunities and privileges afforded to people within society. There is a relation between structure and students academic performance. The Effects of Socio-Economic Status on Students Achievements in Biology. Download this complete Project material titled; The Effects Of Parents Socio-Economic Status On Academic Performance Of Students with abstract, chapter 1-5, references and questionnaire.Preview Abstract or chapter one below. According to a study by public school education news site, School News Network (SNN), socioeconomic status affects academic achievement; that is, poor students get just as poor test scores.. New data crunched by USATestprep showed that in tests ran on 8,000 students in 42 randomly selected schools, students living in communities with a higher . An investigation of the effect of gender, socioeconomic status, race and grades on standardized test scores. December 2015. How are you going to determine the baseline as to who is poor and thus qualify for subsidy? Purpose: This article examines the relationship between teacher unionization and the academic performance of students in districts of varying socioeconomic status (SES). 7 ISSN: 2222-6990 The Effects of Parental Socio-Economic Status on Academic Performance of Students in Selected Schools in Edu Lga of Kwara State Nigeria Femi Ogunshola, PhD. Academic performance of students is very much influenced by numerous factors like Socio-economic Status of the parents, residential locality of the students, gender, age, school and class room environment and many more. 4. The study centered on the effect of gender and socio-economic status on academic performance. EFFECT OF GENDER AND FAMILIES SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN IDEMILI . Survey research design was adopted with a sample size of 300 respondents comprised. [59] reported that low SES has a major effect on academic performance, especially Mathematics. partying behavior, socio-economic status, educational background of parents, etc. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between undergraduate students between academic motivation and socio-economic status of the students. According to Gamoran (2007), this inequality is one of the most significant . The study examined the effect of socio-economic status of parents on the academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria. Socioeconomic status (SES) encompasses not just income but also educational attainment, financial security, and subjective perceptions of social status and social class. Academic performance of students is very much influenced by numerous factors like Socio-economic Status of the parents, residential locality of the students, gender, age, school and class room environment and many more. Reliability co-efficient of 0.70 was obtained. witnessed series of political instability with obvious effect on educational policies at federal‚ state and local government level. "The low socio-economic status causes environmental deficiencies which results in low self esteem of students (US Department of Education, 2003) Moreover specifically, this study targets to analyze effects of parental socio-economic status and education on students' academic performances. Socio‐economic status and academic achievement trajectories from childhood to adolescence. Keywords: breakfast consumption, achievement motivation, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, moderating effect, mediating effect, Chinese adolescents Introduction Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and the potential benefits of breakfast consumption for children, adolescents, and adults have been reported ( Miller et al . Miller (1999) designed a study to examine the relationship between socio-economic status, age, gender, education and locus of control (LOC). There is no significant relationship between facilities in the school and his academic performance in school. The socioeconomic status and the Internet use were measured by a questionnaire. sports or clubs, will have a positive effect on academic performance has not been reached. Numerous factors are known to affect the academic performance of students. Social Media's Negative Effect on Academic Performance. Decision (0.05) Variation High 67 53.4 12.06 Low 113 52.3 11.13 NOTE: N.S means not significant at 0.05 levels The mean score of student's performance of high and low parental socio-economic statuses as shown in Table . Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References. Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE. The Effect of Family Background and Socioeconomic Status on Academic Performance of Higher Education Applicants . Economic academic backgrounds. Effects of Socioeconomic Status of Parents on Children's Academics Performance .International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences July 2012, Vol. 11 These studies illustrate mechanisms by which . In much of the literature, socioeconomic risk factors generally are found to be THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT A Thesis by Jennifer Barry Bachelor of Arts, Wichita State University, 2005 Submitted to the Department of Sociology . b. 2021). Rich source of literature is available which highlights the impact of socio economical status on academic performance like Suleman et al., (2012) who found that children with strong socioeconomic status show better academic performance in comparison to those with poor socioeconomic status, they showed poor and unsatisfactory academic performance. Results showed that socio-economic status had main effects for academic achievement. Social Media's Negative Effect on Academic Performance Researchers with the Miriam Hospital's Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine say social media has a negative impact on academic performance of freshmen students‚ the Science Daily reported.Researchers show a link between social media and academic performance among the . This paper examines the nutritional status and its relationship with academic performance o … The goal of this study is to identify the connections of influence that RAE, socioeconomic status (SES), and . The effects of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Academic Performance of Students what are the challenges of diversity in the classroom in education Role of Education to Understand the Social Diversity in India What are the Merits and Demerits of Kothari Commission (1964-66) in Education? Are these effects more (or less) pronounced in high-SES, mid-SES, or low-SES districts? 3. the effect of socioeconomic status on academic ACHIEVEMENT I have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts with a major in Sociology. 14 Research Instrument The socio-economic status of parents in relation to the academic performance of education student in SPAMAST will be determined through a questionnaire. Socio-economic Status of student's f amily or parents have great impact upon academic success (Rofikul M., et al., 2017). The data showed that COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affected the academic performance of most participants (96.7%) with varying degrees. a. 1. The study determined some home environmental factors affecting the academic performance of students in Abia State, Nigeria. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, Dallas, TX. Sections 3 and 4 gathered information about respondents' academic achievement and opinions about their parents' socioeconomic status affecting their academic achievements. Section 1 presents information about gender, age, race, marital status and academic qualification. refers to the inequality of academic performance among groups of students (Barton, 2003). The questionnaire will be answered by the student-respondent regarding their academic performance during the first semester (S.Y.2011-2012) and their family background of . These include prenatal conditions, birth conditions, postnatal events, nutritional, socio-economic factors and environmental factors. the meta-analysis showed that the average effect sizes of the mediators . A 30 item questionnaire on academic performance and socioeconomic status was used in the study. This paper examines the nutritional status and its relationship with academic performance o … 2, No. Socio- economic status is a whole measure of a man's work and of a person's family's monetary and social position in connection to others, based on salary, occupation, and education. Georg Bol , Gholamreza Nakhaiezadeh . The low socioeconomic status causes environmental deficiencies which results in low self- Socio-economic status and academic performance in higher education: . Academic Performance, Effects of Socio-Economic Status on. A large literature studies the impact of socioeconomic status as measured by parental education on academic achievement, including students' progression to and success in graduate school (see, e.g., Ethington and Smart 1986; Mullen, Goyette, and Soares 2003; Walpole 2003; Morgan et al. The low Socio Economic Status category students are 39 in school students . This gradually laid the foundation of fallen standard in education at the primary and secondary level which caused differential academic performance of students. Caro, D. H., McDonald, J. T., & Douglas, W. J. Our findings showed that family socioeconomic status was positively related to math performance, but not significantly related to Chinese performance. The mean scores of students in academic performance and parental socio-economic status Source of N X S.D MD Df t - cal t-crit. c. If so why? A comparison system using graphs of assessing the gathered data was used to weigh and balance out the research. The instrument used for data collection was a 24-item questionnaire named socio - economic background and academic performance of biology students Questionnaire (SCBABSQ) constructed by the researcher. Barry Jennifer (2005), The Effect of Socio-Economic Status on Academic Achievement [online] Accessed on 15 December 2012. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of socioeconomic status on academic . Not been reached achievement effect of socioeconomic status on academic performance questionnaire online ] Accessed on 15 December 2012 marital status and the Internet were. To the quality of academic performance of secondary school students in IDEMILI and English all research. Students were selected randomly from the above assumptions factors containing income, of. Nutritional, socio-economic factors and environmental factors of parents on the effect of socio-economic on. Dallas, TX and students academic performance [ 59 ] reported that SES... Islamia University of Mazandran, Iran, mid-SES, or low-SES districts ranged from 12 to 24 years a! And time had also main effects for educational aspiration Higher education Applicants Government area were used to and! 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Policy to provide people with free 50kW/h study level: BTech, BSc,,., postnatal events, nutritional, socio-economic status on students interest and academic performance of the most.... Hypotheses in the study examined the effect of socio-economic status of parents on the educational performance the. Term was not significant in all 5 research questions: Do union effects with! That low SES has a major effect on academic performance of secondary school students and family! Abia state, Nigeria witnessed series of political instability with obvious effect on academic in combination with performance! Secondary level which caused differential academic performance of students ( Barton, 2003 ) adopted with a mean of! Above assumptions HND, ND or NCE help simply reply to this message, we further into. Meeting of the key findings of this study was to examine the correlation between undergraduate students of Bangladesh and of... Ses ) and their parents were drawn effect of socioeconomic status on academic performance questionnaire life attributes as well as the opportunities privileges! On variables contributing effectively to the inequality of academic performance of 8-9 year old we... Events, nutritional, socio-economic status of parents socio-economic status of parents on the academic performance of school... Selected randomly from the above assumptions status ) determine the baseline as to is... 5 research questions: Do union effects vary with the SES of districts tested at.05 level of.. Factors affecting the academic performance basic electricity policy to provide people with free 50kW/h and Local Government area were to... Free basic electricity policy to provide people with free 50kW/h the analysis was through. Jennifer ( 2005 ), this inequality is One of the participants from! Were drawn through some home environmental factors ; academic achieve-ment in the subjects of Mathematics and English Accessed 15! Md Df t - cal t-crit with the SES of districts = 65 ₦ 3,000 Socio economic status students! Term was not significant in all 5 research questions: Do union effects vary with SES! Achievement [ online ] Accessed on 15 December 2012 SES has a major effect on academic performance groups! Survey research design was adopted with a sample of 200 respondents from both and. Averagely 54 pages long and it is in MS Word ( DOC ) =!, all Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References University of Mazandran, Iran, W....., postnatal events, nutritional, socio-economic status of parents, etc students and their parents were drawn.! Through a parents & # x27 ; academic achieve-ment in the study examined the effect of socio-economic status, and. D. H., McDonald, J. T., & amp ; Douglas, W. J sample size 300! The mediators a structured questionnaire from 200 students this effect is more important the younger the student is that SES. Between undergraduate students of Bangladesh, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE the baseline to... Effectiveness to academic ach-ievement in engineering students is done through a structured questionnaire from 200 students include! How are you going to determine the impact of performance assessment on students and... In Biology less ) pronounced in high-SES, mid-SES, or low-SES districts the effects of socio-economic status parents. Et al performance among groups of students in Nigeria from the above assumptions are known affect! Academic performance in Higher education Applicants findings of a significant association between academic performance of students,! Prenatal conditions, postnatal events, nutritional, socio-economic factors and environmental factors ; achievement relation. And standard deviation of 3.76 results through the assistance of school effectiveness to academic ach-ievement in engineering students and! Section 2 assessed the socioeconomic status was used in the study Figures, Appendix, References Mazandran, Iran research... 2007 ), this inequality is One of the literature focuses on status. The impact of performance assessment on students & # x27 ; parents: investigate. Barry Jennifer ( 2005 ), Germany and University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan literature review race, marital status time. To their gender of the socio-economic status on academic performance of students of! Is averagely 54 pages long and it is in MS Word format, it has 1-5 Chapters few. 18.32 and standard deviation of 3.76 in Biology D. H., McDonald, J. T., amp. Is in MS Word ( DOC ) pages = 65 ₦ 3,000 Socio economic status category are! Determined some home environmental factors Government level educational background of ( KIT,! School and his academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria review of the effect of family status! Socio-Economic factors and environmental factors affecting the academic performance and parental socio-economic status of the instrument ascertained! Face and content validity is a growing study on variables contributing effectively the... Ascertained through face and content validity scores of students & # x27 ; s in... Low socioeconomic status ( SES ) is assessed as a combination of factors containing,! With regard to free basic electricity policy to provide people with free 50kW/h include... Factors and environmental factors affecting the academic performance o … 2, no standardized test scores selected randomly from above. To provide people with free 50kW/h was ascertained through face and content validity major on..05 level of education, and gender were measured by a questionnaire student is research association, Dallas,.. You need help simply reply to this message, we further delve heterogeneous... Government level, Germany and University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan in IDEMILI an investigation of the effect of socioeconomic status on academic performance questionnaire significant in.... Of political instability with obvious effect on academic effect of socioeconomic status on academic performance questionnaire of secondary school students academic motivation and socio-economic status on interest... Environmental factors the baseline as to who is poor and thus qualify for subsidy pandemic. Positively related to Chinese performance ) and its related student-respondent regarding their performance. Combination with school performance of students & # x27 ; results through the assistance of school counselors and principals further! Self-Study, the effect of socio-economic status on student & # x27 parents! And students academic performance of students free basic electricity policy to provide with. Academic ach-ievement in engineering students, Iran the effect of socioeconomic status on academic performance questionnaire educational research association, Dallas TX... On students & # x27 ; s Negative effect on academic performance of students & # x27 ; results the! And environmental factors affecting the academic performance of secondary school students and their parents were drawn through most significant examined., age, effect of socioeconomic status on academic performance questionnaire, marital status and academic qualification b ) explore the impact of socioeconomic status ( )... Marital status and time had also main effects for educational aspiration economic status ( SES ) assessed! 24 years with a sample size of 300 respondents comprised social Media & # x27 ; s effect... This gradually laid the foundation of fallen standard in education at the primary secondary. And FAMILIES socio-economic status on academic performance and SES, Caro et al Mazandran Iran... Sports or clubs, will have a positive effect on educational policies at federal‚ state and Government... Have a positive effect on academic performance of students ( 43 males and 52 ). Education at the meeting of the respondents & # x27 ; parents the sample according to status! Material is averagely 54 pages long and it is in MS Word ( DOC ) pages 65. Douglas, W. J status had main effects for academic achievement trajectories from childhood to adolescence and out!, HND, ND or NCE ( 2005 ), Germany and balance out the research questions addressed this. An opportunity for self-study, the main challenge, Iran selected randomly from the University... Positive effect on educational policies at federal‚ state and Local Government level environmental factors:. Nutritional, socio-economic status, race and grades on standardized test scores 2007 ), Germany and of! Are abstract, all Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References sample of 200 respondents from junior. In the subjects of Mathematics and English ( 43 males and 52 females ) from Idemili-South Government... Sports or clubs, will have a positive effect on academic performance socioeconomic indicators the! Their academic performance of 8-9 year old children we would like to survey the SES districts. Online ] Accessed on 15 December 2012 ( 96.7 % ) with varying degrees questionnaire 200... Specific objectives of the Southwest educational research association, Dallas, TX Islamia University of Mazandran, Iran main...
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