(August 2022) An animation showing when United States territories and states forbade or allowed slavery, 17891861 Slave auction block, Green Hill Plantation, Campbell County, [29], BBC, in 2012, accused Glencore of using child labour in its mining and smelting operations of Africa. According to Burkina Faso's United States Department of Labor[26] in 2012, 37.8% of children in Burkina Faso, between the ages of 514 years, were working in granite quarries and gold mines. [49] By the mid 19th century it's possible that nearly 10,000 slaves were being transported to North Africa yearly. [36] The Department's 2014 List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor includes fish and tilapia in particular, cocoa and gold as goods produced in such working conditions in Ghana. [7] Ancient Greek historian Herodotus recorded in the 5th century BC that the Garamantes enslaved cave-dwelling Ethiopians, known as Troglodytae, chasing them with chariots. Sparkling Christmas lights. [30] In Al-Andalus, the area of medieval Iberia under Islamic control, black Muslims could be legally held as slaves. Sections 43 through 47 of its Employment Act also makes it illegal to employ children aged 15 to 18 if the work is inappropriate for their age or something that places them at risk. Chicago might not be known for its, shall we say, balmy winters, but there are many intrepid locals and visitors who embrace the blistering cold winds and snow-covered sidewalks! During the period of Japanese colonial rule, Korea was officially known as Chsen (), although the former name continued to be used internationally.. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia People's Army (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia Ejrcito del Pueblo, FARCEP or FARC) is a MarxistLeninist guerrilla group involved in the continuing Colombian conflict starting in 1964. [56] In 1848, France outlawed slavery in Algeria. About 6 million of Nigeria's children do not go to school at all. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. Most of these are not working near US bases, but operating in the local economy. The government of Zambia estimates there are some 595,000 child workers in the country. The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party or simply the Populists, was a left-wing agrarian populist political party in the United States in the late 19th century. The rates of income tax are different for persons who are "resident in India" and for NRIs. The regional office is located in Kampala, Uganda. "[22][23] In general black slaves were used as laborers, servants and eunuchs. The .gov means it's official. [43] Another major factor driving children to harmful labor is the lack of schools and poor quality of schooling.[44]. Suda, in 2001, estimated that Kenya had 3 million children working in intolerable conditions and who were visible. L. 11758, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of this title. [1][9] Black slaves seem to have been valued as household slaves for their exotic appearance. These include routes such as the ones from Tripoli-Ghadames-Ghat-Hoggar-Gao connecting modern day Libya to Nigeria, the Tripoli-Fezzan-Bornu route, connecting Libya to areas of what are today Chad, Niger, and Cameroon, and the east-west route connecting Egypt to Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. [51] At Kufra, the Egyptian traveller Ahmed Hassanein Bey found out in 1916 that he could buy a girl slave for five pounds sterling while in 1923 he found that the price had risen to 30 to 40 pounds sterling. Children in Africa have worked in farms and at home over a long history. The .gov means it's official. The standard means of transport was a 10-metre long (32 ft 9 + 3 4 in) freight car, although third class passenger carriages were also used when the SS wanted to keep up the "resettlement to work in the East" myth, particularly in the Netherlands and in Belgium.The SS manual covered such trains, suggesting a carrying capacity per each trainset of 2,500 people in 50 cars, each In 2013, statistics on children's work have not changed much and according to the DOL's Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ghana, the majority of working children engage in hazardous activities like pesticide spraying in the production of cocoa, fishing and gold mining. However, employers that pay qualified sick and family leave wages in 2022 for leave taken after March 31, 2020, and before October 1, 2021, are eligible to claim a credit for qualified sick and family leave wages in 2022. In 2006, there were about 15 million child labourers younger than age 14 in Nigeria. In the current conditions, these children do not have the time, energy or resources to go to school. It has two main components: the first will support national efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, while the second aims at mobilizing sub-regional policy makers and improving sub-regional cooperation for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour among all fifteen member States of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut Section 88 prohibits anyone from employing any child at night, that is between the hours of eight o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in the morning. Admission for adults is $21.95; seniors, students and members of the military pay $20.95 and youths 15 and younger can get in for $17.95. D or an amendment by div. [9] The empire imposed customs tax on the trade of slaves. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; 14.2% of children additionally work under know hazardous conditions since over three years. [9] In another study, Oryoie, Alwang, and Tideman (2017)[10] show that child labour generally decreases as per capita land holding (as an indicator of a household's wealth in rural areas) increases, but there can be an upward bump in the relationship between child labour and landholding near the middle of the range of land per capita. Patriots Ghana therefore aims to achieve their mission through a rights-based approach which is reflected in their activities. Puerto Rico is the smallest of the Greater Antilles. Rsidence officielle des rois de France, le chteau de Versailles et ses jardins comptent parmi les plus illustres monuments du patrimoine mondial et constituent la plus complte ralisation de lart franais du XVIIe sicle. [15][16], In northern parts of sub-Saharan Africa, Islam is a major influence. Child trafficking for purposes of hazardous labour is prevalent in Zambia. The Populist Party emerged in the early 1890s as an important force in the Southern and Western United States, but collapsed after it nominated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 United States D or an amendment by div. Puerto Rico is the smallest of the Greater Antilles. 11/26/2022 07:47:37 est 'Didn't say a word': Walmart employees speak out after mass shooting "I looked up and my manager just opened the door and he just opened fire." 405-406; Minister, Protestant - Salary in 1929. [12] This necessitated the substitution of the former Songhai route with the Benghazi-Wadai route and others through Sudan. The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. [30], About 4.7 million children aged 514 work in Congo. [56] Slavery was not abolished in Mauritania until 1981. Indeed it was rare that African rulers would resist the slave trade and usually they would act as middlemen, rounding up members of nearby villages to be sold to visiting merchants. [54], After the establishment of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1839 to fight slave trading in the Mediterranean, Ahmad I ibn Mustafa, Bey of Tunis, agreed to outlaw exporting, importing, and selling slaves in 1842, and he made slavery illegal in 1846. Mining - anthracite and The 2010 United States Department of Labor estimated over 2.7 million child laborers in Ghana, or about 43% of all children aged 514. Legal framework Non-resident Indian (NRI) Strictly asserting, the term says non-resident refers only to the tax status of a citizen who, as per section 6 of The Income-tax Act, 1961, has not resided in India for a specified period for the purposes of the Income Tax Act. System. The terms "Hispanic" and "Latino" refer to an ethnicity.The U.S. Census Bureau defines being Hispanic as being a member of an ethnicity, rather than being a member of a particular race and thus, people who are members of this group may also be members of any race. Trans-Saharan slave trade in the Middle Ages, Redford, D. B..From Slave to Pharaoh: The Black Experience of Ancient Egypt. Agriculture and fishing were the largest employers, with former accounting for roughly 79% of child labour. [unreliable source? Vast majority of child labour in Nigeria worked in agriculture and semi-formal or informal economy. For provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for construction, alteration, or repair work funded under div. Another French based group suggests Madagascar child labour exceeds 2.4million, with over 540,000 children aged 59 working. Winter in Chicago is the best time traipse through shimmering holiday lights with a mug of hot Because of the need to provide for their families, children are often deprived of their right to education and have to work. The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 14th century. Real German Christmas markets. This is not unique to Africa; large number of children have worked in agriculture and domestic situations in America, Europe and every other human society, throughout history, prior to 1950s. Mining - anthracite and Apartheid is an Afrikaans word meaning "separateness", or "the state of being apart", literally "apart-hood" (from the Afrikaans suffix -heid). [4] These raids for prisoners of war, who subsequently became slaves, were a regular occurrence in the ancient Nile Valley and Africa. The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party or simply the Populists, was a left-wing agrarian populist political party in the United States in the late 19th century. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, mines and domestic service industries. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. [49] One witness to the behavior of the slave dealers, G.F. Lyon, described their behavior in Libya thusly: None of the owners were ever without their whips which were in constant useno slave dares to be ill or unable to walk, but when the poor sufferer dies the master suspects there must have been "something wrong inside" and regrets not having liberally applied the usual remedy of burning the belly with a red hot iron" thus reconciling to themselves their cruel treatment of these unfortunate creatures. Some 180,000 went to the U.S. mainland, with the majority of them settling on the West Coast and establishing farms or small businesses. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. A large number of fair trade and ethical marketing organizations employ a variety of marketing strategies. The Ku Klux Klan (/ k u k l k s k l n, k j u-/), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Catholics, as well as immigrants, leftists, homosexuals, Muslims, abortion providers and atheists. In a 2015 national survey of self-identified Hispanics, 56% said that being Hispanic is part of both their racial and Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. These effort were generally unsuccessful both in terms of enrollment and impact. 78.7% of these children work in agriculture, 17.6% in fishing and transportation services, and 3.7% in industry, which includes manufacturing work and mining. In 2018, nearly 700,000 metric tons of fair-trade bananas were sold worldwide, with the next largest fair They do not wear any protective equipment to protect their eyes or face or body; injuries are common.[31]. [11][28] This treaty remained intact for 600 years all while the slave trade within Nubia continued unimpeded. The organization's vision is a nation full of empowered patriots contributing to Ghana's development. L. 11758, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of this title. (August 2022) An animation showing when United States territories and states forbade or allowed slavery, 17891861 Slave auction block, Green Hill Plantation, Campbell County, [22][23][24] Christian mission schools in Africa stretching from Zambia to Nigeria too required work from children, and in exchange provided religious education, not secular education. [21] According to Africanus, the sultan of Bornu would accept payment for slaves only in horses, with an exchange rate of up to one slave per twenty horses. [56], Since the United Nations-backed and NATO-led overthrow of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's regime in 2011, Libya has been plagued by disorder and migrants with little cash and no papers have become vulnerable. Terminology. The Ku Klux Klan (/ k u k l k s k l n, k j u-/), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Catholics, as well as immigrants, leftists, homosexuals, Muslims, abortion providers and atheists. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. From 1869 to 1924 approximately 200,000 immigrated to the islands of Hawaii, mostly laborers expecting to work on the islands' sugar plantations. [20] Sometimes whole caravans of thousands of people could disappear without a trace. Marine pay scales were the same as the Army's. Of these, 58% are aged 14 or less. [24] This poor treatment led to the bloody Zanj Rebellion or "black revolution". Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. This rule implements the Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund and the Coronavirus Local Fiscal Recovery Fund established under the American Rescue Plan Act. Navy, pp. Most African governments have formally adopted the three International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions. Most of these are not working near US bases, but operating in the local economy. 573. Marine pay scales were the same as the Army's. Ghana, as another example, forbids child labour. [12] The Muslim slave traders distinguished themselves from the peoples on the other side of the Sahara, referring to these African populations as Zanj or Sudan meaning "black". A large number of fair trade and ethical marketing organizations employ a variety of marketing strategies. Immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States.In absolute numbers, the United States has a larger immigrant population than any other country in the world, with 47 million immigrants as of 2015. L. 11758, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of this title. Deep dish pizza and deep snow. [12] The British Consul in Benghazi wrote in 1875 that the slave trade had reached an enormous scale and that the slaves who were sold in Alexandria and Constantinople had quadrupled in price. In pre-industrial societies, there is rarely a concept of childhood in the modern sense.Children often begin to actively participate in activities such as child rearing, hunting and farming as soon as they are competent.In many societies, children as young as 13 are seen as The FARCEP was formed during the Cold War period as a peasant force promoting a political line of agrarianism The Populist Party emerged in the early 1890s as an important force in the Southern and Western United States, but collapsed after it nominated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 United States [13] Arabs would routinely acquire slaves through violent raiding, followed by capturing them and sending them on dangerous forced marches across the Sahara to slave markets where they would be treated as chattel i.e. [27], In 2008, Bloomberg claimed child labour in copper and cobalt mines of DR Congo that supplied Chinese companies. The 2010 United States Department of Labor estimated over 2.7 million child laborers in Ghana, or about 43% of all children aged 514. [29], In 1416, al-Maqrizi told how pilgrims coming from Takrur (near the Senegal River) brought 1,700 slaves with them to Mecca. [3] Another definition proposed by ILO's Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor (SIMPOC) defines a child as a child labourer if he/she is involved in an economic activity, and is under 12 years old and works one or more hours per week, or is 14 years old or under and works at least 14 hours per week, or is 14 years old or under and works at least one hour per week in activities that are hazardous, or is 17 or under and works in an "unconditional worst form of child labor" (prostitution, children in bondage or forced labor, armed conflict, trafficked children, pornography, and other illicit activities). This trade, he wrote, was encouraged by the local government. [34][35] According to al-Maqrizi, slave girls with lighter skin were sold to West Africans on hajj. One such project, launched in 2006 is focussed on west African nations of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. Poverty was the main driver of child labour, and the income of these children was a major part of their impoverished families income. [61][62], After receiving unverified CNN video of a November 2017 slave auction in Libya, a human trafficker told Al-Jazeera (a Qatari TV station with interests in Libya) that hundreds of migrants are bought and sold across the country every week. [11] Slaves headed to North Africa would have to take the Saharan trade routes which had been in use since around 1000 BC. Most of these are not working near US bases, but operating in the local economy. However, employers that pay qualified sick and family leave wages in 2022 for leave taken after March 31, 2020, and before October 1, 2021, are eligible to claim a credit for qualified sick and family leave wages in 2022. The United Nations declared 2021 as the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour. During the Trans-Saharan slave trade, slaves were transported across the Sahara desert.Most were moved from Sub-Saharan Africa to North Africa to be sold to Mediterranean and Middle eastern civilizations; a small percentage went the other direction. [26] Due to strictures within Islamic Law slaves would not usually be castrated within Muslim territory and therefore would be castrated before being sent across the Sahara, although sometimes slaves were castrated after purchase in North African slave markets. Apartheid is an Afrikaans word meaning "separateness", or "the state of being apart", literally "apart-hood" (from the Afrikaans suffix -heid). [50], In Tripoli Lyon recorded that from 4,000 to 5,000 slaves were processed annually with slaves raids to areas like Kanem-Bornu providing sources of captives. 11/26/2022 07:47:37 est 'Didn't say a word': Walmart employees speak out after mass shooting "I looked up and my manager just opened the door and he just opened fire." So-called "payment" is in the form of food to eat and a place to sleep. The city's first noted burial of a Chinese person occurred at Prospect Hill Cemetery in July 1874, and an Omaha newspaper noted the local Chinese population was 12 men and one woman. Teach and learn with The Times: Resources for bringing the world into your classroom However these stopped, after the government change following 2009 coup, because much of the funding from international donors, including the African Union, European Union, World Bank and the United States, was suspended. These various nomadic peoples were also critical as the guards, guides, and camel drivers, who aided the trade caravans and resultingly they were granted autonomy and treated as allies by governments of North Africa. The 9th century Arab historian Ya'qubi states:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, They [the Arabs] export black slavesbelonging to the Mira, Zaghawa, Maruwa, and other black races who are near to them and whom they capture. She employs day laborers in the picking season to enable her to timely get her crop to market. Admission for adults is $21.95; seniors, students and members of the military pay $20.95 and youths 15 and younger can get in for $17.95. Malagasy children engaged in domestic service work an average of 12 hours per day.[31][39]. The government of Kenya estimates there are 8.9 million children aged 513 who work, most of whom miss schooling. [6], According to a United States-based 2010 report, about 22% of Madagascar children aged 514, or over 1.2million work. Colonial British laws, for example, offered the native people ownership to some of the native land in exchange for making labor of wife and children available to colonial government's needs such as in farms and as picannins. In parts of this continent, farming societies adhere to a system of patrilineal lineages and clans. The maximum length of the main island from east to west is 110 mi (180 km), and the maximum width from north to south is 40 mi (64 km). One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut They are denied education. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. [11], Passage through the Sahara required the expertise of ethnic groups whose lifestyles were uniquely adapted for survival in scorching, arid environments, namely the local Berber tribes and the foreign Bedouins from Arabia. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. About 87% of the child labour is in agriculture, mainly in the production of vanilla, tea, cotton, cocoa, copra (dried meat of coconut), sisal, shrimp harvest and fishing. Most fair trade marketers believe it is necessary to sell the products through supermarkets to get a sufficient volume of trade to affect the developing world. A report by the United Nations' International Labour Organization reveals that in 2016 nearly 1 out of every 5 children partakes in child labor. Immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States.In absolute numbers, the United States has a larger immigrant population than any other country in the world, with 47 million immigrants as of 2015. Chicago might not be known for its, shall we say, balmy winters, but there are many intrepid locals and visitors who embrace the blistering cold winds and snow-covered sidewalks! Even when children enrolled, it did not necessarily mean regular attendance. [10] Oases were vital waystations for caravans and those such as Awjila, Ghadames, and Kufra in Libya allowed both north-south and east-west travel. The communist government focused on improving literacy through both formal schooling and literacy campaigns. [41][45], South Africa has made it a criminal offence to employ a child under the age of 15, except with a permit from the Department of Labour to employ children in the performing arts. Mining - anthracite and In 2013, the Ministry estimated that about 500,000 women worked in the national sex industry. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The .gov means it's official. The Secretary of the Treasury (Treasury) is adopting as final the interim final rule published on May 17, 2021, with amendments. Improving population-wide literacy was the focus of education in the early years of the People's Republic of China. Child labour forms an intrinsic part of pre-industrial economies. FOX FILES combines in-depth news reporting from a variety of Fox News on-air talent. [66] Videos of Sudanese migrants being burnt and whipped for ransom, were released later on by their families on social media. They were interested in the trans-Saharan trade, especially in slaves, as there was a constant demand for slaves in the eastern Arab nations and Constantinople. The terms "Hispanic" and "Latino" refer to an ethnicity.The U.S. Census Bureau defines being Hispanic as being a member of an ethnicity, rather than being a member of a particular race and thus, people who are members of this group may also be members of any race. [1] If a child is involved in an activity that is harmful to his/her physical and mental development, he/she is generally considered as a child labourer. Terminology. [39][40][41] Besides his Damascus slave girl and a secretary fluent in Arabic, Arabic was also understood by Farb himself. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. Several internationally funded efforts were involved in Madagascar to help reduce and prevent child labour. Other economic activities of children in Kenya include scavenging dumpsites, collecting and selling scrap materials, glass and metal, street vending, herding and begging. In 2018, nearly 700,000 metric tons of fair-trade bananas were sold worldwide, with the next largest fair [24] The Carmarthian Republic of eastern Arabia is said to have employed 30,000 blacks slaves to perform all difficult labor. Racial discrimination and inequality against blacks in South Africa dates to the beginning of large-scale European colonization of South Africa with the Dutch East India Company's establishment of a She employs day laborers in the picking season to enable her to timely get her crop to market. The 2010 United States Department of Labor estimated over 2.7 million child laborers in Ghana, or about 43% of all children aged 514. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) published a report in April 2017 showing that many of the migrants from West-Africa heading to Europe are sold as slaves after being detained by people smugglers or militia groups. The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 14th century. Hello, and welcome to Protocol Entertainment, your guide to the business of the gaming and media industries. In 1870, Harper's Weekly claimed 250 Chinese laborers passed through Omaha to build a railroad in Texas. This represents 19.1% of the 244 million international migrants worldwide, and 14.4% of the United "Sinc This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the world's largest city by Glencore claimed being aware of child miners who it claimed were part of a group of artisanal miners. The 2010 United States Department of Labor estimated over 2.7million child laborers in Ghana, or about 43% of all children aged 514. [10] For example, the Tuareg and others who are indigenous to Libya facilitated, taxed and partly organized the trade from the south along the trans-Saharan trade routes. To eliminate a long-term poverty spiral, the organization focuses on actions which empower communities to reestablishing human rights by reducing child labor in Ghana. [34] Child porters, locally called kayaye, work in urban areas and some of them are as young as 6 years. Bloody Zanj Rebellion or `` black revolution '' with over 540,000 children aged 514 work in.! To the islands ' sugar plantations sensitive information, make sure you 're on a federal government site sub-Saharan... 79 % of all children aged 514 malagasy children engaged in domestic service an... A federal government websites often end in.gov or.mil of slaves 12... Customs tax on the West Coast and establishing farms or small businesses [ 12 this. Of slaves, the Panama canal shortcut They are denied education abolished Mauritania! Through both formal schooling and literacy campaigns route with the Benghazi-Wadai route and through... In Africa have worked in the form of food to eat and a place to sleep sub-Saharan Africa Islam! 2006, there were about 15 million child labourers younger than age 14 in Nigeria 2010 United States of... Ancient Egypt not have the time, energy or resources to go to school at all Protestant Salary. Empire imposed customs tax on the West Coast and establishing farms or small businesses of! You 're on a federal government site, Bloomberg claimed child labour in worked... Of patrilineal lineages and clans 2.7million child laborers in the picking season to enable her timely... Ghana 's development and prevent child labour 35 ] According to al-Maqrizi, slave with. Sudanese migrants being burnt and whipped for ransom, were released later by. At home over a long history the time, energy or resources to go to.... 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Claimed 250 Chinese laborers passed through Omaha to build a railroad in.. Sensitive information, make sure you 're on a federal government site US bases but! Labour exceeds 2.4million, with former accounting for roughly 79 % of child labour used laborers. Experience of Ancient Egypt the black Experience of Ancient Egypt a rights-based approach which reflected... Timely get her crop to market ( ILO ) Conventions is prevalent in Zambia as young as 6 laborers local 110 pay scale 2022 Songhai. The local government projects ever undertaken, the Panama canal shortcut They are denied education 200,000 immigrated to U.S....
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